The importance of international law to international traders Coursework

The significance of universal law to global merchants - Coursework Example In any case, as of late the line existing among private and open global law has been entirely capricious. Despite the fact that both these laws are associated, ordinarily in specific zones of exercises clashes and logical inconsistencies can regularly emerge. 1 International Law incorporates the fundamental, exemplary ideas of law in national lawful frameworks - status, property, commitment, and tort (or delict). It additionally incorporates meaningful law, system, procedure and cures. Global Law is established in acknowledgment by the country states which comprise the framework. Worldwide law is a urgent perspective in universal exchanging and it is for the most part worried about cross outskirt exchanges. Since global dealers are exceptionally exposed to worldwide exchange laws and strategies, they work in great cooperation with lawful experts and universal exchange advisors. 1 Cornell University of Law School. 2010. Universal Law. [ONLINE] Available at: http://themes. law.cornell .edu/wex/International _ law. [Accessed 18 February 11]. Legitimate hypotheses and jurisprudential ideas in regard of worldwide law The fundamental International lawful framework is the way toward dissecting the down to earth functionality of the global exchange capacities identified with universal approach, and the manner by which the global law principles can expand the exchange efficiencies .It principally focuses more on the convenience of laws by the international strategy creators instead of the wonderful substance and presentation of it. Global law, particularly clarifies the manner by which the universal legitimate exchanges work and the manner by which the remote associations consolidate these law in their working framework. Global law arrangements and procedures controls exchange dealings and stays away from control and misuse in the worldwide business exercises. 2 For somewhere in the range of thirty years universal law has been segregated from the remainder of the schola rly life by the necessities and interruptions of the two universal wars. As these early pioneers told the historical backdrop of their control , their antecedents, the great researchers who were ideologically part in to two armed forces , had handed universal law over to a war zone. The genuine estimation of the worldwide law arrangements is that it gives numerous regions for the merchants and individuals to deal with exchange relations and exchanges. United Nations, being the advertiser of harmony, focus on the harmony and quietness in all the dealings happening on worldwide level. 3The principle point of the United Nations is the conservation of world harmony. It is firmly accepted that expanded global exchange, 2 .Pervis, N, 1991. Basic Legal Studies in Public International Law. Law Journal , 32/1, 81-89 3.J.W.T.Chan. 2007. Current Law for Global Commerce. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/congress/Chan.pdf. [Accessed 19 February 11]. Which conveys with i t the expanding interdependency of countries just as more noteworthy and better collaborations between the individuals of the world is a solid contributing component to world harmony. Therefore the solid help by the United Nations to all activities that would evacuate snags to world exchange, for example, activities to fit or bring together the standards of universal tra

Raising Children

Assessment Raising Successful Children Lizzy Stewart By MADELINE LEVINE * PHRASES like â€Å"tiger mom† and â€Å"helicopter parent† have advanced into regular language. However, does overparenting hurt, or help? Related * Sunday Book Review: ‘Teach Your Children Well’ by Madeline Levine (July 29, 2012) Related in Opinion * Room for Debate: Are Olympic Parents Supportive or Overbearing? (August 2, 2012) While guardians who are obviously and embarrassingly improper come in for deride, a large number of us wind up attracted to that with slightly increasingly parental real effort, we may turn out youngsters with incredible gifts and guaranteed futures.Is there truly anything amiss with a sort of â€Å"overparenting lite†? Parental contribution has a long and rich history of being examined. Many years of studies, a large number of them by Diana Baumrind, a clinical and formative clinician at the University of California, Berkeley, have discovered that th e ideal parent is one who is included and responsive, who sets exclusive requirements however regards her child’s autonomy.These â€Å"authoritative parents† seem to hit the sweet spot of parental contribution and for the most part bring up kids who improve scholastically, mentally and socially than kids whose guardians are either lenient and less included, or controlling and increasingly included. For what reason is this specific child rearing style so fruitful, and what does it inform us concerning overparenting? For a certain something, legitimate guardians really help develop inspiration in their children.Carol Dweck, a social and formative therapist at Stanford University, has done research that shows why definitive guardians raise progressively roused, and hence increasingly fruitful, youngsters. In an average test, Dr. Dweck brings little youngsters into a room and requests that they fathom a straightforward riddle. Most do as such with little trouble. Be that a s it may, at that point Dr. Dweck lets some know, however not all, of the children how splendid and fit they are. For reasons unknown, the youngsters who are not advised they’re savvy are progressively persuaded to handle progressively troublesome puzzles.They additionally display more elevated levels of certainty and show more noteworthy generally speaking advancement in puzzle-fathoming. This may appear to be illogical, however lauding children’s gifts and capacities appears to shake their certainty. Handling increasingly troublesome riddles conveys the danger of losing one’s status as â€Å"smart† and denies children of the excitement of deciding to work essentially for the good of its own, paying little mind to results. Dr. Dweck’s work adjusts pleasantly with that of Dr. Baumrind, who additionally found that sensibly supporting a child’s self-sufficiency and restricting obstruction brings about better scholarly and enthusiastic outcomes .Their look into affirms what I’ve found in over 25 years of clinical work, treating kids in Marin County, a wealthy suburb of San Francisco. The most joyful, best youngsters have guardians who don't accomplish for them what they can do, or practically fit for doing; and their folks don't get things done for them that fulfill their own needs as opposed to the requirements of the kid. The focal assignment of growing up is to build up a feeling of self that is self-governing, sure and for the most part as per reality. On the off chance that you treat your strolling little child as though she can’t walk, you lessen her certainty and mutilate reality.Ditto daily â€Å"reviews† of schoolwork, monotonous calls to â€Å"just check if you’re O. K. † and â€Å"editing† (read: composing) your child’s school application article. When your kid can do something, praise yourself on an occupation very much done and proceed onward. Proceeded, superfl uous mediation causes your youngster to feel awful about himself (if he’s youthful) or irate at you (if he’s an adolescent). Be that as it may, isn’t it a parent’s occupation to help with those things that are simply past your child’s reach? For what reason is it overparenting to accomplish for your kid what the person is practically prepared to do? Recollect when your baby figured out how to walk.She would make a weaving stride or two, breakdown and quickly seek you for your response. You were in bondage to those early endeavors and would do everything conceivable to urge her to get up once more. You absolutely didn’t chide her for falling flat or express critical expectations about flipping burgers for an incredible remainder on the off chance that she fell once more. You were available, caution and accessible to manage if vital. Be that as it may, you didn’t get her without fail. You realized she needed to fail to understand the si tuation commonly before she could hit the nail on the head. Waiting and permitting youngsters to commit errors is probably the best test of parenting.It’s simpler when they’re youthful †enduring a lurching baby is far unique in relation to permitting a preteenager to meet her companions at the shopping center. The potential slip-ups convey more serious dangers, and part of being a parent is limiting danger for our youngsters. What sorts of dangers would it be advisable for us to endure? On the off chance that there’s a predator free in the area, your girl doesn’t get the chance to go to the shopping center. Be that as it may, under ordinary conditions a 11-year-old young lady is very fit for dealing with herself for a couple of hours in the organization of her companions. She may overlook a bundle, overpay for a thing or overlook that she should call home at noon.Mastery of the world is a growing geology for our children, for little children, it†™s the patio; for preteens, the area, for youngsters the more extensive world. However, it is in the little every day dangers †the taller slide, the bicycle ride around the square, the greeting reached out to another cohort †that development happens. In this hazy area of just past the agreeable is the place strength is conceived. So if kids can live with botches and in any event, coming up short, for what reason does it make us insane? Such huge numbers of guardians have said to me, â€Å"I can’t remain to see my kid despondent. † If you can’t remain to see your kid miserable, you are in an inappropriate business.The little difficulties that start in earliest stages (the principal whine that doesn’t bring you running) present the open door for â€Å"successful failures,† that is, disappointments your kid can live with and develop from. To surge in too rapidly, to shield them, to deny them of those difficulties is to deny them of the dev ices they should deal with the unavoidable, troublesome, testing and at times destroying requests of life. While getting things done for your kid pointlessly or rashly can decrease inspiration and increment reliance, it is the failure to keep up parental limits that most harms youngster development.When we get things done for our kids out of our own needs as opposed to theirs, it drives them to go around the most basic assignment of adolescence: to build up a vigorous feeling of self. There is a significant differentiation among great and terrible parental inclusion. For instance, a small kid doesn’t need to sit and do his math schoolwork. Great guardians demand consistence, not on the grounds that they need their youngster to be an ideal understudy but since the kid needs to gain proficiency with the essentials of math and build up a decent work ethic.Compare this with the parent who goes through weeks â€Å"helping† their kid round out school applications with the re asonable desire that on the off chance that the two of them buckle down enough, a â€Å"gotta get into† school is a sureness. (While a large portion of my parent patients have moved on from school, it is constantly an indication of overparenting when they talk about how â€Å"we’re applying to Columbia. †) In the two circumstances guardians are utilizing control, in the primary case conduct (plunk down, do your math) and in the second mental (â€Å"we’re applying. †) It is mental control that conveys with it a textbook’s worth of harm to a child’s creating identity.If pushing, heading, inspiration and prize consistently originate all things considered, the youngster never has the chance to make an inside. Having mentors prep your on edge 3-year-old for a preschool meet since all your friends’ kids are heading off to this specific school or pushing your depleted kid to take one further developed arrangement course since it will guarantee her spot as class valedictorian isn't included child rearing yet harmful overparenting planned for meeting the parents’ requirement for status or insistence and not the child’s needs.So how do guardians discover the boldness to dispose of the misbehavior of overparenting? It’s difficult to swim upstream, to oppose peer pressure. However, we should recollect that kids flourish best in a situation that is dependable, accessible, predictable and noninterfering. A caring guardian is warm, ready as far as possible and reluctant to penetrate a child’s mental limits by conjuring disgrace or blame. Guardians must recognize their own tension. Your main responsibility is to realize your youngster all around ok to cause a decent call about whether he to can deal with a specific situation.Will you remain up stressing? Likely, however the child’s work is to develop, yours is to control your uneasiness so it doesn’t impede his sensible advances toward self-governance. Guardians likewise must be clear about their own qualities. Youngsters watch us intently. In the event that you need your kids to have the option to defend their qualities, you need to do likewise. On the off chance that you accept that a mid year spent perusing, going for spring strolls and playing is superior to a particular camp, at that point adhere to your guns.Parents additionally need to ensure their own lives are satisfying. There is no parent more defenseless against the overabundances of overparenting than a despondent parent. One of the most significant things we accomplish for our kids is to give them a rendition of grown-up life that is engaging and worth making progress toward. Madeline Levine is a clinician, expert and the creator, most as of late, of â€Å"Teach Your Children Well: Parenting for Authentic S

Helpless love

Helpless love Once upon a time all feelings and emotions went to a coastal island for a vacation. According to their nature, each was having a good time. Suddenly, a warning of an impending storm was announced and everyone was advised to evacuate the island.The announcement caused sudden panic. All rushed to their boats. Even damaged boats were quickly repaired and commissioned for duty.Yet, Love did not wish to flee quickly. There was so much to do. But as the clouds darkened, Love realised it was time to leave. Alas, there were no boats to spare. Love looked around with hope. Just then Prosperity passed by in a luxurious boat. Love shouted, Prosperity, could you please take me in your boat?No, replied Prosperity, my boat is full of precious possessions, gold and silver. There is no place for you.A little later Vanity came by in a beautiful boat. Again Love shouted, Could you help me, Vanity? I am stranded and need a lift. Please take me with you.Vanity responded haughtily, No, I cannot take you with me. My boat will get soiled with your muddy feet.Sorrow passed by after some time. Again, Love asked for help. But it was to no avail. No, I cannot take you with me. I am so sad. I want to be by myself.When Happiness passed by a few minutes later, Love again called for help. But Happiness was so happy that it did not look around, hardly concerned about anyone.Love was growing restless and dejected. Just then somebody called out, Come Love, I will take you with me. Love did not know who was being so magnanimous, but jumped on to the boat, greatly relieved that she would reach a safe place.On getting off the boat, Love met Knowledge. Puzzled, Love inquired, Knowledge, do you know who so generously gave me a lift just when no one else wished to help?Knowledge smiled, Oh, that was Time.And why would Time stop to pick me and take me to safety? Love wondered.Knowledge smiled with deep wisdom and replied, Because only Time knows your true greatness and what you are capable of. Only L ove can bring peace and great happiness in this world.The important message is that when we are prosperous, we overlook love. When we feel important, we forget love. Even in happiness and sorrow we forget love. Only with time do we realize the importance of love. Why wait that long? Why not make love a part of your life today?Author Unknown

A Beautiful Mind By Dr. Emil Kraepelin - 1220 Words

â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† depicts the true- story of a mathematical savant, John Nash and how schizophrenia has affected both his personal and social life. His hallucinations started in his college years at Princeton University and only worsened from then on. He hallucinated his roommate and best friend, Charles and his niece, Marcee. He also hallucinated that he worked secretly for the US Department with the aid of his supervisor, Parcher (also a fragment of his imagination). He became extremely paranoid but eventually came to the realization that he was sick when he almost lost his wife and child. At the end, he was able to live as a schizophrenic without the use of medication. He was able to distinguish reality from fantasy and lived on to receive a Nobel Prize for his work as a mathematician. This paper will describe schizophrenia, its history, symptoms, biological factors as well as its environmental aspect. History of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia was described in the late 19th century by Dr. Emil Kraepelin. He called it â€Å"Dementia Praecox† or premature dementia. He believed that any individual with such disorder would worsen overtime without even a slight chance of improvement. While Dr. Kraepelin was right in regards to it being a categorized as a brain a disorder, he was wrong to classify it as dementia. Dementia has a later onset than schizophrenia. Dementia often begins in old age while schizophrenia emerges during early adolescent to young adulthood. In addition,

The Secret of Writing a Research Paper No One Is Talking About

The Secret of Writing a Research Paper No One Is Talking About The Ultimate Writing a Research Paper Trick By stating your research question in the debut, it will help to ensure it is clear to the reader what information you'd set to learn. Now there's a list of resources. To guarantee that you will locate a complete answer to every question, we've got a support team that is always online. The format to be used is related to the topic that you have chosen. The paper should begin with an introductory paragraph that has the thesis statement and a concise breakdown of the info that'll be covered in the remainder of the paper. Thus, when you compose a research paper for a student, you need to be the change that you wish to see in the society. When you're writing your research paper's introduction, you ought to be building it around a particular outline that gives a general review of the paper. Understanding how to compose a research paper doesn't need to be anxiety-provoking. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Writing a Research Paper Finding out how to let go is a significant part the writing process. Writing the Paper There are 3 chief parts that you have to divide your paper into. Students have to submit Spanish custom made research papers which are free from plagiarism. They should get their Spanish custom research papers before deadline. Sooner or later, a student will have planned notes to utilize in creating a paper. UK students need to be attentive when choosing research paper writing. How to Choose Writing a Research Paper Students may obtain a better comprehension of writing and grammar and boost their confidence and expand their skills with internet practice. They are supposed to seek advice from their colleagues on the best writing firms. They sometimes find the general process of. A student can go through an entire semester simply to fail and need to retake the class again. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Writing a Research Paper If you own a background in journalism, for instance, you may have read the Chicago manual of style. If you own a style of writing that isn't flexible to grammatical guidelines, you might encounter trouble when submitting your material. It's always simpler to edit a sheet of rough work, than to try to write something perfect from the start. Otherwise, it turned into a superior bit of work. The write-up discusses the fundamentals of research based paper writing. For a given research result, there are various stories a paper could tell, and it's important to consider what the story needs to be. At times, a quote may also be a great way to engage the reader. A Secret Weapon for Writing a Research Paper There are several writing companies offering help in writing Spanish customized research papers but not all them offer high excellent help. Online and other custom made service with introduction, thesis schedule college papers writing service particularly when it is prepared to purchase essay with our customer care! Just reach out to our support managers, if you've got an unusual undertaking to do, and we'll surely find someone to assist you. The great thing about the writing process is it's a practice. The Benefits of Writing a Research Paper Repeating the exact same insight in various words doesn't count. If you don't find out how to begin your essay or where to search for supporting data, we'll be pleased to help you. Purpose statements also work nicely in abstracts. The same as a thesis statement, a purpose statement is situated at the close of the intro paragraph, or may choose the kind of another paragraph in big papers, like dissertations etc.. What You Don't Know About Writing a Research Paper You can also have a works cited page at the close of the research paper that contains a complete collection of your sources. An individual must delineate between general reference for general wisdom and scholarly sources for in-depth wisdom and research. You might also want to suggest more research or comment on things that it wasn't possible that you discuss in the paper. A research finding or discovery that others cannot understand or appreciate is as great as no discovery in the very first location. Some of the greatest research paper introduction samples consist of primary resources supporting the argument or research of the issue. Students need to ensure that the quality of Spanish customized research papers offered to them is well worth the sum of charged. Reliable writing companies offer you the maximum quality Spanish custom made research papers. Our customized research paper writing company is just one of the greatest businesses in the industry because we try hard to fulfill all our clients' needs in all their research paper writing. The True Meaning of Writing a Research Paper If it's a strong faith-based school, talk about how your faith was impacted by means of an experience. Get some support for those habits you're attempting to revise so you could achieve success. Lots of people won't read past the debut, even should they find the work interesting. If you would like to have a wonderful, mutually-satisfying sexual relationship, you're find it a lot simpler to a chieve in the event that you completely eliminate using porn.

The Return Shadow Souls Chapter 5 Free Essays

Elena got into the backseat of the Jaguar and put on a plush aquamarine T-shirt and jeans underneath her nightgown, just in case a police officer – or even someone trying to help the owners of a car apparently stalled by a deserted highway – stopped by. And then she lay down in the Jag’s backseat. But although she was now warm and comfortable, sleep wouldn’t come. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now What do I want? Really want right now? she asked herself. And the answer came to her immediately. I want to see Stefan. I want to feel his arms around me. I want to just look at his face – at his green eyes with that special look that he only ever shows to me. I want him to forgive me and tell me that he knows I’ll always love him. And I want†¦Elena felt herself flush as a warmth went through her body, I want Stefan to kiss me. I want Stefan’s kisses†¦warm and sweet and comforting†¦. Elena was thinking this as for the second or third time she shut her eyes and shifted position, tears once again welling up. If only she could cry, really cry, for Stefan. But something stopped her. She found it hard to squeeze out a tear. God, she was exhausted†¦. Elena tried. She kept her eyes shut and turned back and forth, trying not to think about Stefan for just a few minutes. She had to sleep. Desperate, she gave a mighty heave to try to find a better position – when everything suddenly changed. Elena was comfortable. Too comfortable. She couldn’t feel the seat at all. She bolted upright and froze, sitting on air. She was almost hitting her head against the Jag’s top. I’ve lost gravity again! she thought, horrified. But, no – this was different than what had happened when she had first returned from the afterlife, and had floated around like a balloon. She couldn’t explain why, but she was sure. She was afraid to move in any direction. She wasn’t sure of the cause of her distress – but she didn’t dare move. And then she saw it. She saw herself, with her head back and her eyes closed in the backseat of the car. She could make out every tiny detail, from the wrinkles in her plush aquamarine shirt to the braid she’d made from her pale golden hair, which, for the lack of a hair tie, was coming unbraided already. She looked as if she were serenely sleeping. So this was how it all ended. This is what they’ll say, that Elena Gilbert, one summer day, died peacefully in her sleep. No cause of death was ever found†¦. Because they could never see heartbreak as a cause of death, Elena thought, and in a gesture even more melodramatic than her usual melodramatic gestures, she tried to fling herself down on her own body with one arm covering her face. It didn’t work. As soon as she reached out to begin to fling herself, she found herself outside the Jaguar. She’d gone right through the ceiling without feeling anything. I suppose that’s what happens when you’re a ghost, she thought. But this is nothing like the last time. Then I saw the tunnel, I went into the Light. Maybe I’m not a ghost. Suddenly Elena felt a rush of exhilaration. I know what this is, she thought triumphantly. This is an out of body experience! She looked down at her sleeping self again, searching carefully. Yes! Yes! There was a cord attaching her sleeping body – her real body – to her spiritual self. She was tethered! Wherever she went, she could find her way home. There were only two possible destinations. One was back to Fell’s Church. She knew the general direction from the sun, and she was sure that someone having an O.O.B. (as Bonnie, who had once gone through a spiritualist fad and had read lots of books about the subject, familiarly called them) would be able to recognize the crossing of all those ley lines. The other destination, of course, was to Stefan. Damon might think she didn’t know where to go, and it was true that she could only vaguely sense from the rising sun that Stefan was in the other direction – to the west of her. But she’d always heard that the souls of true lovers were connected somehow†¦by a silver string from heart to heart or a red cord from pinky to pinky. To her delight, she found it almost immediately. A thin cord the color of moonlight, that seemed to be stretched taut between the sleeping Elena’s heart, and†¦yes. When she touched the cord, it resonated so clearly to her of Stefan that she knew it would take her to him. There was never a doubt in her mind as to which direction she would take. She’d been in Fell’s Church. Bonnie was a psychic of some impressive powers, and so was Stefan’s old landlady, Mrs. Theophilia Flowers. They were there, along with Meredith and her brilliant intellect, to protect the town. And they would all understand, she told herself somewhat desperately. She might not ever have this chance again. Without another moment’s hesitation, Elena turned toward Stefan and let herself go. Immediately she found herself rushing through the air, far too quickly to take note of her surroundings. Everything she passed was a blur, differing only in color and texture as Elena realized with a catch in her throat that she was going through objects. And so, in just a few instants, she found herself looking at a heart-wrenching scene: Stefan on a worn and broken pallet, looking gray-faced and thin. Stefan in a hideous, rush-strewn, lice-infested cell with its damned bars of iron from which no vampire could escape. Elena turned away for a moment so that when she woke him he wouldn’t see her anguish and her tears. She was just composing herself, when Stefan’s voice jolted through her. He was awake already. â€Å"You try and try, don’t you?† he said, his voice heavy with sarcasm. â€Å"I guess you should get points for that. But you always get something wrong. Last time it was the little pointed ears. This time it’s the clothes. Elena wouldn’t wear a wrinkled shirt like that and have dirty, bare feet if her life depended on it. Go away.† Shrugging his shoulders under the threadbare blanket, he turned from her. Elena stared. She was in too many kinds of distress to choose her words: they burst from her like a geyser. â€Å"Oh, Stefan! I was just trying to fall asleep in my clothes in case a police officer stopped by while I was in the backseat of the Jag. The Jag you bought me. But I didn’t think you’d care! My clothes are wrinkled because I’m living out of my duffel bag and my feet got dirty when Damon – well – well – never mind that. I have a real nightgown, but I didn’t have it on when I came out of my body and I guess when you come out you still look like yourself in your body†¦.† Then she threw up her hands in alarm as Stefan swung around. But – marvel of marvels – there was now a tinge of blood in his cheeks. Moreover, he was no longer looking disdainful. He was looking deadly, his green eyes flashing with menace. â€Å"Your feet got dirty – when Damon did what?† he demanded, enunciating carefully. â€Å"It doesn’t matter – â€Å" â€Å"It damn well does matter – † Stefan stopped short. â€Å"Elena?† he whispered, staring at her as if she had only just appeared. â€Å"Stefan!† She couldn’t help holding out her arms to him. She couldn’t control anything. â€Å"Stefan, I don’t know how, but I’m here. It’s me! I’m not a dream or a ghost. I was thinking about you and falling asleep – and here I am!† She tried to touch him with ghostlike hands. â€Å"Do you believe me?† â€Å"I believe you†¦because I was thinking about you. Somehow – somehow that brought you here. Because of love. Because we love each other!† And he spoke the words as if they were a revelation. Elena shut her eyes. If only she could be here in her body, she would show Stefan how much she loved him. As it was, they had to use clumsy words – clichs that just happened to be uniquely true. â€Å"I will always love you, Elena,† Stefan said, whispering again. â€Å"But I don’t want you near Damon. He’ll find a way to hurt you – â€Å" â€Å"I can’t help it,† Elena interrupted him. â€Å"You have to help it!† † – because he’s my only hope, Stefan! He’s not going to hurt me. He’s already killed to protect me. Oh, God, so much has happened! We’re on our way to – † Elena hesitated, her eyes flicking around warily. Stefan’s eyes widened for an instant. But when he spoke his face was deadpan. â€Å"Someplace where you’ll be safe.† â€Å"Yes,† she said, just as seriously, knowing that phantom tears were now racing down her bodiless cheeks. â€Å"And†¦oh, Stefan, there’s so much you don’t know. Caroline accused Matt of attacking her while they were on a date because she’s pregnant. But it wasn’t Matt!† â€Å"Of course not!† Stefan said indignantly, and would have said more, but Elena was racing on. â€Å"And I think that the – the litter is really Tyler Smallwood’s because of the timing, and because Caroline’s changing. Damon said that – â€Å" â€Å"A werewolf baby will always turn its mother into a werewolf – â€Å" â€Å"Yes! But the werewolf part is going to have to fight the malach that’s already inside her. Bonnie and Meredith told me things about Caroline – like how she was scuttling on the floor like a lizard – that just terrified me. But I had to leave them to deal with that so that I could – could get to that safe place.† â€Å"Werewolves and were-foxes,† Stefan said, shaking his head. â€Å"Of course, the kitsune, the foxes, are much more powerful magically, but werewolves tend to kill before they think.† He struck his knee with his fist. â€Å"I wish I could be there!† Elena burst out with mixed wonder and despair, â€Å"And instead here I am – with you! I never knew I could do this. But I haven’t been able to bring you anything this way, not even myself. My blood.† She made a helpless gesture and saw the smugness in Stefan’s eyes. He still had the Clarion Loess Black Magic wine she’d smuggled to him! She knew it! It was the only liquid that would – in a pinch – help keep a vampire alive when no blood was available. Black Magic â€Å"wine† – nonalcoholic and never made for humans in the first place, was the only drink that vampires really enjoyed aside from blood. Damon had told Elena that it was magically made from special grapes that were grown in the soil at the edges of glaciers, loess, and that they were always kept in complete darkness. That was what gave it its velvety dark taste, he’d said. â€Å"It doesn’t matter,† Stefan said, undoubtedly for the benefit of anyone who might be spying. â€Å"Exactly how did it happen?† he asked then. â€Å"This out of body thing? Why don’t you come down here and tell me about it?† He lay back on his pallet, turning aching eyes on her. â€Å"I’m sorry that I don’t have a better bed to offer you.† For a moment the humiliation showed clearly in his face. All this time he’d managed to hide it from her: the shame he felt in appearing before her in this way – in a filthy cell, with rags for clothes, and infested with God knew what. He – Stefan Salvatore, who had once been – had once been – Elena’s heart truly broke then. She knew it was breaking, because she could feel it inside shattering like glass, with each needle-like shard skewering flesh inside her chest. She knew it was breaking, too, because she was weeping, huge spirit tears that dropped on Stefan’s face like blood, translucent in the air as they fell, but turning deep red when they touched Stefan’s face. Blood? Of course, it wasn’t blood, she thought. She couldn’t even bring anything so useful to him in this form. She was really sobbing now; her shoulders shaking as the tears continued to fall onto Stefan, who now had one hand held up as if to catch one†¦ â€Å"Elena – † There was wonder in his voice. â€Å"Wha – what?† she keened. â€Å"Your tears. Your tears make me feel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He was staring up at her with something like awe. Elena still couldn’t stop weeping, although she knew that she had soothed his proud heart – and done something else. â€Å"I d-don’t understand.† He caught one of her tears and kissed it. Then he looked at her with a sheen in his own eyes. â€Å"It’s hard to talk about, lovely little love†¦.† Then why use words? she thought, still weeping, but coming down to his level so she could snuffle just above his throat. It’s just†¦they’re not too free with the refreshments around here, he told her. As you guessed. If you hadn’t – helped me – I’d’ve been dead by now. They can’t figure out why I’m not. So they – well they run out before they get to me, sometimes, you see – Elena lifted her head, and this time tears of pure rage fell right onto his face. Where are they? I’ll kill them. Don’t tell me I can’t because I’ll find a way. I’ll find a way to kill them even though I’m in this state – He shook his head at her. Angel, angel, don’t you see? You don’t have to kill them. Because your tears, the phantom tears of a pure maiden – She shook her head back at him. Stefan, if anyone knows I’m not a pure maiden, it’s you – – of a pure maiden, Stefan continued, not even disturbed by her interruption, can cure all ills. And I was ill tonight, Elena, even though I tried to hide it. But I’m cured now! As good as new! They’ll never be able to understand how it could happen. Are you sure? Look at me! Elena looked at him. Stefan’s face, which had been gray and drawn before, was different now. He was usually pale, but now his fine features looked flushed – as if he had been standing in front of a bonfire and the light was still reflecting off the pure lines and elegant planes of his beloved face. I†¦did that? She remembered the first tear droplets falling, and how they had looked like blood on his face. Not like blood, she realized, but like natural color, sinking into him, refreshing him. She couldn’t help but hide her face again in his throat as she thought, I’m glad. Oh, I’m so glad. But I wish we could touch each other. I want to feel your arms around me. â€Å"At least I can look at you,† Stefan whispered, and Elena knew that even this is like water in the wasteland to him. â€Å"And if we could touch, I’d put my arm around your waist here, and kiss you here and here†¦.† They spoke to each other this way for a while – just exchanging lovers’ nonsense, each sustained by the sight and sound of the other. And then, softly but firmly, Stefan asked her to tell him all about Damon – everything since they’d started. By now Elena was cool-headed enough to tell him about the incident with Matt without making Damon sound too much like a villain. â€Å"And Stefan, Damon really is protecting us as best he can.† She told him about the two possessed vampires who had been tracking them and what Damon had done. Stefan merely shrugged and said wryly, â€Å"Most people write with pencils; Damon writes people off with them.† He added, â€Å"And your clothes got dirty?† â€Å"Because I heard a great big crash – which ended up being Matt on top of the car,† she said. â€Å"But, to be fair, he was trying to stake Damon at the time. I made him get rid of the stake.† She added, in the barest of whispers: â€Å"Stefan, please don’t mind that Damon and I have to – to be together a lot right now. It doesn’t change anything between us.† â€Å"I know.† And the amazing thing was that he did know. Elena was bathed in the deep glow of his trust for her. After that they â€Å"held† each other, Elena snuggling weightlessly above the curve of Stefan’s arm†¦and it was bliss. And then abruptly the world – the entire universe – shuddered at the sound of a gigantic slamming sound. It jerked at Elena. It didn’t belong in here with love and trust and the sweetness of sharing every part of her self with Stefan. It began again – a monstrous booming that terrified Elena. She clutched uselessly at Stefan, who was looking at her with concern. He didn’t hear the clanging that was defeaning her, she realized. And then something even worse happened. She was torn out of Stefan’s arms bodily, and she was rushing backward, back through objects, back faster and faster until with a jar she landed in her body. For all her reluctance she landed perfectly on the solid body that until now had been the only one she’d known. She landed on it and melded into it and then she was sitting up and the sounds were the sounds of Matt rapping at the window. â€Å"It’s been over two hours since you went to sleep,† he said as she opened the door. â€Å"But I figured you needed it. Are you all right?† â€Å"Oh, Matt,† Elena said. For a moment it seemed impossible that she was going to be able to keep from crying. But then she remembered Stefan’s smile. Elena blinked, forcing herself to deal with her new situation. She hadn’t seen Stefan for nearly long enough. But her memories of their short, sweet time together were wrapped in jonquils and lavender and nothing could ever take them away from her. Damon was irritated. As he flew higher on his wide, black crow’s wings, the landscape beneath him unfolded like a magnificent carpet, the breaking day making the grasslands and rolling hills glow like emerald. Damon ignored it. He’d seen it too many times. What he was looking for was una donna splendida. But his mind kept drifting. Mutt and his stake†¦Damon still didn’t see why Elena wanted to take a fugitive from justice along with them. Elena†¦Damon tried to conjure up the same irritated feelings for her as he had for Mutt, but just couldn’t manage it. He circled down toward the town below, keeping to the residential district, searching for auras. He wanted a strong aura as much as a beautiful one. And he’d been in America long enough to know that this early in the morning you could find three sorts of people up and outdoors. Students were the first, but this was summer, so there were fewer to pick from. Despite Mutt’s assumptions, Damon seldom sank to high school girls. Joggers were the second. And the third, thinking beautiful thoughts, just like†¦that one down there†¦were home gardeners. The young woman with the pruning shears looked up as Damon turned the corner and approached her house, deliberately hurrying and then slowing his stride. His very footsteps made it clear that he was delighted to take in the floral extravaganza in front of the charming Victorian house. For a moment the girl looked startled, almost afraid. That was normal. Damon was wearing black boots, black jeans, a black T-shirt, and black leather jacket, in addition to his Ray-Bans. But then he smiled and at the same moment began the first delicate infiltration of la bella donna’s mind. One thing was clear even before that. She liked roses. â€Å"A full flush of Dreamweavers,† he said, shaking his head in admiration as he looked at the bushes covered with brilliant pink bloom. â€Å"And those White Icebergs climbing the trellis†¦. Ah, but your Moonstones!† He lightly touched an open rose, its petals moonlight-colored but shading to palest pink at the edges. The young woman – Krysta – couldn’t help smiling. Damon felt the information flow effortlessly from her mind to his. She was just twenty-two, not married, still living at home. She had precisely the kind of aura he was looking for, and only a sleeping father in the house. â€Å"You don’t look like the type to know so much about roses,† Krysta said frankly, and then gave a self-conscious laugh. â€Å"I’m sorry. I’ve met all sorts at the Creekville Rose Shows.† â€Å"My mother is an avid gardener,† Damon lied fluently and without a trace of misgiving. â€Å"I guess I got my passion from her. Now I don’t stay in one place long enough to grow them, but I can still dream. Would you like to know what my ultimate dream is?† By this time Krysta felt as if she were floating on a delicious rose-scented cloud. Damon felt every delicate nuance with her, enjoyed seeing her flush, enjoyed the slight tremor that shook her body. â€Å"Yes,† Krysta said simply. â€Å"I’d love to know your dream.† Damon leaned forward, lowered his voice. â€Å"I want to breed a true black rose.† Krysta looked startled and something flashed through her mind too quickly for Damon to catch. But then she said in an equally hushed voice, â€Å"Then there’s something I’d like to show you. If – if you have time to come with me.† The backyard was even more splendid than the front and there was a hammock gently swinging, Damon noted with approval. After all, he would soon need a place to put Krysta†¦while she slept it off. But at the rear of the bower was something that caused his pace to quicken involuntarily. â€Å"Black Magic roses!† he exclaimed, eyeing the wine-dark, almost burgundy-colored blooms. â€Å"Yes,† Krysta said softly. â€Å"Black Magics. The closest anyone has ever gotten to a black rose. I get three flushes a year,† she whispered tremulously, no longer questioning who this young man might be, overwhelmed by her feelings which almost took Damon with her. â€Å"They’re magnificent,† he said. â€Å"The deepest red I’ve ever seen. The closest to black ever bred.† Krysta was still trembling with joy. â€Å"You’re welcome to one, if you like. I’m taking them to the Creekville show next week but I can give you one in full bloom now. Maybe you’ll be able to smell it.† â€Å"I’d†¦like that,† Damon said. â€Å"You can give it to your girlfriend.† â€Å"No girlfriend,† Damon said, glad to get back to lying. Krysta’s hands shook slightly as she cut one of the longest, straightest stems for him. Damon reached out to take it and their fingers touched. Damon smiled at her. When Krysta’s knees went boneless with pleasure, Damon caught her easily and went on with what he was doing. Meredith was right behind Bonnie as she stepped into Caroline’s room. â€Å"I said, shut the damn door!† Caroline said – no, snarled. It was only natural to look to see where the voice was coming from. Just before Meredith cut off the only sliver of light by shutting the door Bonnie saw Caroline’s corner desk. The chair that used to sit in front of it was gone. Caroline was underneath. It might have been a good hiding space for a ten-year-old, but as an eighteen-year-old Caroline had curled into an impossible position in order to fit there. She was sitting on a pile of what looked like shreds of clothing. Her best clothes, Bonnie thought suddenly, as a twinkle of gold lam flashed and was gone when the door shut. Then it was just the three of them together in the darkness. No illumination came from above or below the door to the hall. It’s because the hall is in another world, Bonnie thought wildly. â€Å"What’s wrong with a little light, Caroline?† Meredith asked quietly. Her voice was steady, comforting. â€Å"You asked us to come and see you – but we can’t see you.† â€Å"I said come and talk to me,† Caroline corrected instantly, exactly as she always had in the old days. That should have been comforting, too. Except – except that now that Bonnie could hear her voice sort of reverberating under the desk, she could tell it had a new quality. Not so much husky as – You really don’t want to be thinking this. Not in the midnight darkness of this room, Bonnie’s mind told her. Not so much husky as snarly, Bonnie thought helplessly. You could almost say Caroline growled her answers. Little sounds told Bonnie that the girl under the desk was moving. Bonnie’s own breathing quickened. â€Å"But we want to see you,† Meredith said quietly. â€Å"And you know that Bonnie’s scared of the dark. Can I just turn on your bedside lamp?† Bonnie could feel herself trembling. That wasn’t good. It wasn’t smart to show Caroline you were afraid of her. But the pitch-blackness was making her tremble. She could feel that this room was wrong in its angles – or maybe it was only her imagination. She could also hear things that made her jump – like that loud double clicking noise directly behind her. What had made that? â€Å"All rrright then! Turrn on the one by the bed.† Caroline was definitely snarling. And she was moving toward them; Bonnie could hear rustling and breathing getting closer. Don’t let her get to me in the dark! It was a panicked, irrational thought, but Bonnie couldn’t help thinking it any more than she could help stumbling blindly sideways into†¦ Something tall – and warm. Not Meredith. Never since Bonnie had known her had Meredith smelled like rancid sweat and rotten eggs. But the warm something took hold of both Bonnie’s upraised hands, and there were strange little clicking noises as they clenched. The hands weren’t just warm; they were hot and dry. And the ends poked oddly into Bonnie’s skin. Then, as a light by the bedside went on, they were gone. The lamp Meredith had found put out a very, very dim ruby light – and it was easy to see why. A ruby negligee and peignoir had been tied around the shade. â€Å"This is a fire hazard,† Meredith said, but even her level voice sounded shaken. Caroline stood before them in the red light. She seemed taller than ever to Bonnie, tall and sinewy, except for the slight bulge of her belly. She was dressed normally, in jeans and a tight T-shirt. She was holding her hands playfully hidden behind her back, and smiling her old insolent, sly smile. I want to go home, Bonnie thought. Meredith said, â€Å"Well?† Caroline just kept smiling. â€Å"Well, what?† Meredith lost her temper. â€Å"What do you want?† Caroline just looked arch. â€Å"Have you visited your friend Isobel today? Had a little talk with her?† Bonnie had a powerful urge to slap that smug smile off Caroline’s face. She didn’t. It was just a trick of the lamplight – she knew it had to be – but it looked almost as if there was a red dot shining in the center of each of Caroline’s eyes. â€Å"We visited Isobel at the hospital, yes,† Meredith said expressionlessly. Then, with unmistakable anger in her voice, she added, â€Å"And you know very well that she can’t talk yet. But† – with a triumphant little pounce – â€Å"the doctors say she will be able to. Her tongue will heal, Caroline. She may have scars from all the places she pierced herself, but she’s going to be able to talk again just fine.† Caroline’s smile had faded, leaving her face looking haggard and full of dull fury. At what? Bonnie wondered. â€Å"It would do you some good to get out of this house,† Meredith told the copper-haired girl. â€Å"You can’t live in the dark – â€Å" â€Å"I won’t forever,† Caroline said sharply. â€Å"Just until the twins are born.† She stood, hands still behind her, and arched her back so that her stomach protruded more than ever. â€Å"The – twins?† Bonnie was startled into speaking. â€Å"Matt Junior and Mattie. That’s what I’m going to call them.† Caroline’s gloating smile and impudent eyes were almost too much for Bonnie to stand. â€Å"You can’t do that!† she heard herself shouting. â€Å"Or maybe I’ll call the girl Honey. Matthew and Honey, for their daddy, Matthew Honeycutt.† â€Å"You can’t do it,† Bonnie shouted, more shrilly. â€Å"Especially with Matt not even here to defend himself – â€Å" â€Å"Yes, he did run away very suddenly, didn’t he? The police are wondering why he had to run. Of course† – Caroline lowered her voice to a meaningful whisper – â€Å"he wasn’t alone. Elena was with him. I wonder what the two of them do in their spare time?† She giggled, a high, fatuous giggle. â€Å"Elena isn’t the only person with Matt,† Meredith said, and now her voice was low and dangerous. â€Å"Someone else is, too. Do you remember an agreement you signed? About not telling anyone about Elena or bringing publicity around her?† Caroline blinked slowly, like a lizard. â€Å"A long time ago. In a different lifetime, for me.† â€Å"Caroline, you’re not going to have a lifetime if you break that oath! Damon would kill you. Or – have you already – ?† Meredith stopped. Caroline was still giggling in that childish way, as if she were a little girl and someone had just told her a naughty joke. Bonnie felt cold sweat break out all over her body at once. Fine hairs lifted on her arms. â€Å"What are you hearing, Caroline?† Meredith wet her lips. Bonnie could see that she was trying to hold Caroline’s eyes, but the copper-haired girl turned away. â€Å"Is it†¦Shinichi?† Meredith moved forward suddenly and grasped Caroline’s arms. â€Å"You used to see and hear him when you looked in the mirror. Do you hear him all the time now, Caroline?† Bonnie wanted to help Meredith. She did. But she couldn’t have moved or spoken for anything. There were – gray threads – in Caroline’s hair. Gray hairs, Bonnie thought. They shone dully, much lighter than the flaming auburn Caroline was so proud of. And there were†¦other hairs that didn’t shine at all. Bonnie had seen this brindled coloration on dogs; she knew vaguely that some wolves must look the same. But it was really something else to see them in your girlfriend’s hair. Especially when they seemed to bristle and quiver, lifting like the hackles of a dog†¦. She’s mad. Not angry mad; insane mad, Bonnie realized. Caroline looked up, not at Meredith, but straight into Bonnie’s eyes. Bonnie flinched. Caroline was gazing at her as if considering whether or not Bonnie were dinner or just garbage. Meredith stepped to stand beside Bonnie. Her fists were clenched. â€Å"Don’t starrre,† Caroline said abruptly, and turned away. Yes, that was definitely a snarl. â€Å"You really wanted us to see you, didn’t you?† Meredith said softly. â€Å"You’re – flaunting yourself in front of us. But I think that maybe this is your way of asking for help – â€Å" â€Å"Harrrrdly!† â€Å"Caroline,† Bonnie said suddenly, amazed by a wave of pity that swamped her, â€Å"please try to think. Remember back when you said you needed a husband? I – † She broke off and swallowed. Who was going to marry this monster, who a few weeks ago had looked like a normal teenage girl? â€Å"I understood you back then,† Bonnie finished lamely. â€Å"But, honestly, it won’t do any good to keep on saying Matt attacked you! No one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She couldn’t bring herself to say the obvious. No one will believe something like you. â€Å"Oh, I clean up rrrreal prrretty,† Caroline growled and then giggled. â€Å"You’d be surprrrised.† In her mind’s eye, Bonnie saw the old insolent flash of Caroline’s emerald gaze, the sly and secretive expression on her face, and the shimmering of her auburn hair. â€Å"Why pick on Matt?† Meredith demanded. â€Å"How did you know he was attacked by a malach that night? Did Shinichi send it after him just for you?† â€Å"Or did Misao?† Bonnie said, remembering that it was the female of the twin kitsune, the fox spirits, who had spoken the most to Caroline. â€Å"I went out on a date with Matt that night.† Suddenly Caroline’s voice was a singsong, as if she were reciting poetry – badly. â€Å"I didn’t mind kissing him – he’s so cute. I guess that’s when he got the hickey on his neck. I guess I might have bitten his lip a little.† Bonnie opened her mouth, felt Meredith’s restraining hand on her shoulder, and shut it again. â€Å"But then he just went crazy,† Caroline lilted on. â€Å"He attacked me! I scratched him with my fingernails, all up and down one arm. But Matt was too strong. Much too strong. And now – â€Å" And now you’re going to have puppies, Bonnie wanted to say, but Meredith squeezed her shoulder and she stopped herself again. Besides, Bonnie thought with a sudden twinge of alarm, the babies might look human, and there might only be twins, as Caroline herself had said. Then what would they do? Bonnie knew the way adult minds worked. Even if Caroline couldn’t dye her hair back to auburn, they would say, look what stress she’s been under: she’s actually going prematurely gray! And even if the adults saw Caroline’s bizarre appearance and strange behavior, as Bonnie and Meredith just had, they would dismiss it as being due to shock. Oh, poor Caroline, her whole personality has changed since that day. She’s so frightened of Matt that she hides under her desk. She won’t wash herself – maybe that’s a common symptom after what she’s been through. Besides who knew how long it would take these werewolf babies to be born? Maybe the malach inside Caroline could control that, make it seem to be like a normal pregnancy. And then suddenly Bonnie was snatched away from her own thoughts to tune into Caroline’s words. Caroline was through growling for the moment. She sounded almost like the old Caroline, offended and nasty, as she said, â€Å"I just don’t understand why you should take his word over mine.† â€Å"Because,† Meredith said flatly, â€Å"we know both of you. We would have known if Matt had been dating you – and he wasn’t. And he’s hardly the kind of guy to just show up at your front door, especially when you consider how he felt about you.† â€Å"But you’ve already said that this monster that attacked him – â€Å" â€Å"Malach, Caroline. Learn the word. You’ve got one inside you!† Caroline smirked and waved a hand, dismissing this. â€Å"You said these things can possess you and make you do things out of character, right?† There was a silence. Bonnie thought, if we have said it, we’ve never said it in front of you. â€Å"Well, what if I admitted that Matt and I weren’t dating? What if I said that I found him driving around our neighborhood at about five miles an hour, just looking lost. His sleeve was torn to pieces and his arm was all chewed up. So I took him inside my house and tried to bandage his arm – but suddenly he went crazy. And I did try to scratch him, but the bandages were in the way. I scratched them off him. I even still have them, all covered in blood. If I told you that, what would you say?† I’d say that you were using us as a dry run before telling Sheriff Mossberg, Bonnie thought, chilled. And I’d say that you were right, you probably can clean up pretty normal looking when you make an effort. If you’d just stop that childish giggling and get rid of the crafty look, you’d be even more convincing. But Meredith was speaking. â€Å"Caroline – they’ve got DNA tests for blood.† â€Å"Of course I know that!† Caroline looked so indignant that for a moment she forgot to look sly. Meredith was staring at her. â€Å"That means they can tell if the bandages you’ve got have Matt’s blood on them or not,† she said. â€Å"And if it flows in the right pattern to match your story.† â€Å"There isn’t any pattern. The bandages are just soaked.† Abruptly, Caroline strode over to a dresser and opened it, plucking out a length of what might have originally been athletic bandage. Now it shone reddish in the faint light. Looking at the stiff fabric in the ruby light, Bonnie knew two things. It wasn’t any part of the poultice that Mrs. Flowers had put on Matt’s arm the morning after he’d been attacked. And it was soaked with genuine blood, right to the stiff tips of the cloth. The world seemed to be spinning around. Because even though Bonnie believed in Matt, this new story scared her. This new story might even work – provided that no one could find Matt and test his blood. Even Matt admitted that there was time unaccounted for that night†¦time he couldn’t remember. But that didn’t mean Caroline was telling the truth! Why would she start out with a lie, and only change it when the facts got in the way? Caroline’s eyes were the color of a cat’s. Cats play with mice, just for amusement. Just to see them run. Matt had run†¦. Bonnie shook her head. All at once she couldn’t stand this house any longer. It had somehow settled into her mind, making her accept all the impossible angles of the distorted walls. She had even grown accustomed to the awful smell and the red light. But now, with Caroline holding out a blood-soaked bandage and telling her that it was Matt who had bled all over it†¦ â€Å"I’m going home,† Bonnie announced suddenly. â€Å"And Matt didn’t do it, and – and I’m never coming back!† Accompanied by the sound of Caroline’s giggling, she whirled, trying not to look at the nest Caroline had made under her corner desk. There were empty bottles and half-empty plates of food piled in there with the clothes. Anything could be under them – even a malach. But as Bonnie moved, the room seemed to move with her, accelerating her spin, until she had gone twice around before she could put out a foot to stop herself. â€Å"Wait, Bonnie – wait, Caroline,† Meredith said, sounding almost frantic. Caroline was folding her body like a contortionist, getting back under the desk. â€Å"Caroline, what about Tyler Smallwood? Don’t you care that he’s the real father of your – your kids? How long were you dating him before he joined up with Klaus? Where is he now?† â€Å"Forrr all I know he’s dead. You and yourrr friends killed him.† The snarl was back, but it wasn’t vicious. It was more of a triumphant purr. â€Å"But I don’t miss him, so I hope he stays dead,† Caroline added, with a muffled giggle. â€Å"He wouldn’t marrrry me.† Bonnie had to get away. She fumbled for the doorknob, found it, and was blinded. She had spent so long in ruby dimness that the hall light was like the midday sun on the desert. â€Å"Turrn off the lamp!† Caroline snapped from under the desk. But as Meredith moved to do it Bonnie heard a surprisingly loud explosion and saw the red-swathed shade go dark by itself. And one thing more. The hallway light swept across Caroline’s room like a beacon as the door swung shut. Caroline was already tearing at something with her teeth. Something with the texture of meat, but not cooked meat. Bonnie jerked back to run and almost knocked over Mrs. Forbes. The woman was still standing in the hall where she had been when they went into Caroline’s room. She didn’t even look as if she’d been listening at the door. She was just standing, staring at nothing. â€Å"I have to show you out,† she said in her soft, gray voice. She didn’t lift her head to meet Bonnie’s or Meredith’s eyes. â€Å"You might get lost otherwise. I do.† It was a straight shot to the stairs and down and four steps to the front door. But as they walked, Meredith didn’t say anything, and Bonnie couldn’t. Once outside, Meredith turned to look at Bonnie. â€Å"Well? Is she more possessed by the malach or the werewolf part of her? Or could you tell anything from her aura?† Bonnie heard herself laugh, a sound that was like crying. â€Å"Meredith, her aura isn’t human – and I don’t know what to make of it. And her mother doesn’t seem to have an aura at all. They’re just – that house is just – â€Å" â€Å"Never mind, Bonnie. You don’t have to go there ever again.† â€Å"It’s like†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But Bonnie didn’t know how to explain the fun-house look of the walls or the way the stairs went down instead of up. â€Å"I think,† she said finally, â€Å"that you’d better do some more research. On things like – like possession of the American kind.† â€Å"You mean like possession by demons?† Meredith shot her a sharp look. â€Å"Yes. I guess so. Only I don’t know where to start listing what’s wrong with her.† â€Å"I have a few ideas of my own,† Meredith said quietly. â€Å"Like – did you notice that she never showed us her hands? That was very strange, I thought.† â€Å"I know why,† Bonnie whispered, trying not to let the sobbing laughter out. â€Å"It’s because – she doesn’t have fingernails anymore.† â€Å"What did you say?† â€Å"She put her hands around my wrists. I could feel them.† â€Å"Bonnie, you’re not making any sense.† Bonnie made herself speak. â€Å"Caroline has claws now, Meredith. Real claws. Like a wolf.† â€Å"Or maybe,† Meredith said in a whisper, â€Å"like a fox.† How to cite The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 5, Essay examples

The Religion Of Huckleberry Finn Essay Summary Example For Students

The Religion Of Huckleberry Finn Essay Summary Word Count: 895Religion is a simple concept to learn. Websters dictionary defines religion as: belief in a divine or superhuman power or powers to be obeyed and worshipped as the creator(s) and ruler(s) of the universe. Although it is understood what religion is, not everyone has the same views. There are numerous varieties and sub-vrieties of religions. In fact, religion can be so diverse that one might say that he or she is of the same religion as another person but the way he or she demonstrates their beliefs may be dramatically different. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain, writes about a young boys growing and maturing experiences one summer as he travels down the Mississippi River. One of the things that this boy, Huck Finn, discovers is how religion affects his lifestyle. Huckleberry Finns views of religion have an impact on many essential points in the episodic novel. Religion has an effect on three of Hucks major decisions throughout the novel. His religion is tested when he first decides to help Jim run away. His religion is tested when he lies to most of the people he meets traveling down the Mississippi River, and Huckleberrys religion is tested when he decides to help Jim escape from slavery for good. We will write a custom essay on The Religion Of Huckleberry Finn Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Huckleberry Finn was raised without a strong religious influence. Hucks father being a raging alcoholic, and Huck living mostly on his own, were two of the factors that contributed to this. Pap came to visit him one night and expressed his negative thoughts on school and religion. First you know youll get religion, too. I never see such a son (Twain 20). Despite these warnings, the Widow Douglas continued to teach Huck. Later in the novel, these teaching have consequential effects on Huck. Hucks religious morals are first tested when he decides to help the Widows slave escape to freedom. During the time that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn took place, slavery was not uncommon. In the beginning of the story, Huck displays similar beliefs as the people that are raising him; blacks are considered property and not people. Huck chooses to help Jim run away despite the fact that he knows that Jim is considered property and helping him would be like stealing. The widow tries to convert Huck to Christianity. She preaches all about heaven, hell, and the things that one should do to get to either place. Huck is not too concerned about either, obviously, because he helps Jim run away. As Jim and Huck travel down the Mississippi, Huck, at first, does not think much of the fact that he is helping Jim escape to freedom. As the novel progresses, though, Huck begins to think about the consequences of his actions. The things that the Widow had previously worked diligently to install in Huck had some effect on him. This is apparent for the first time when Jim expresses his anxiety to become free. This makes Huck feel nervous of the deed that he is doing. Well I can tell you it made me all over trembly and feverish, too, to hear him, because I begun to get it through my head that he was most free and who was to blame for it? Why me (Twain 85). Hucks first reaction is that he is letting the Widow Douglas down by not returning her property. Huck is only worried about honor and what was right for the time but a similar event happens later in the novel where Huck considers his actions a little more carefully. .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b , .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b .postImageUrl , .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b , .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b:hover , .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b:visited , .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b:active { border:0!important; } .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b:active , .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u620942791e88e0be91249b42afa0213b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: John steinbeck EssayHuckleberry finally begins to realize that Jim is not property, but an actual person. He plays a trick on Jim and finds out that he has feelings too. This brings Huck and Jim closer together and Huck accepts the fact that Jim is not a slave but a friend. Huck is tried again for what to do about Jim when Jim is sold to Silas Phelps down south. He knew he had to get Jim out somehow and he still was feeling guilty for taking him in the first place. And at last, when it hit me all of a sudden that here was the plain hand of Providence slapping me in the face and letting me know that my wickedness was being watched all the time from up there in heaven (Twain 204). Huck decides to write to Jim to save him from a life of slavery with a complete stranger. He never sends the letter but he feels much better after he writes it. All right, then, Ill go to hell (206). Ultimately, Huck came to the conclusion that he has already done so many sinful things that there was no use in trying to get to heaven anymore. Today, many Americans would look at Huck and believe he was right in trying to free Jim. During the era of the Civil War, many would think differently. Huckleberry Finn could hardly be called sacrilegious but he was no saint either. Religion had a good deal of impact on him. It almost caused him to give himself up to do what he thought was right. In the beginning of the novel, we see that Huck is not interested in religion, or what the Widow has to say at all. Throughout each episode, however, one can see that what the Widow taught him had some effect.

Learning English Questions and Answers †Number 2

Learning English Questions and Answers – Number 2 Free Online Research Papers Learning English Questions and Answers Number 2 3. At the beginning of each May and October, there will be a long holiday for about 7 days in China. Tens of millions of people will take advantage of this holiday to go shopping or tour outside. Billions of Renminbi will be spent during these holidays. So such 7-day-long holidays are called Golden Week. The Golden Week provides great business opportunity for tourism companies and shops. Meanwhile it also causes great trouble for transportation companies such as airline companies, railway system and expressway bus companies. Because too many people are moving between different cities, the transportation system is over committed. Moreover, the hotels, restaurants and other service facilities near the famous landscapes are not able to provide basic service to the tourists. Complaints are heard much more in the Golden Week than in other period. Now the relevant departments are working hard to take better advantage of the Golden Week. The shops will prepare more popular goods in stock to meet the demand in the holiday. The tourism companies are also developing more projects in order to attract the tourists. The transportation companies will provide more transportation vehicles in the Golden Week. The local governments of the landscape enhance their regulation to the local tourism-related companies to provide acceptable service to the tourists. CET is China’s state-organized English test. Most universities used it as measurement of their student’s English ability. Generally speaking, to get the bachelor degree would request CET-4 and master degree CET-6. In order to get the degree, many students paid too much attention to CET test. Since 2004, after several serious frauds found in CET-4 test, the state education committee started to consider the reform of CET test. The most important reform is that there will be no CET approval certificate issued to students. Only the mark of the test will be informed. Many universities also decided to stop the practice that links the CET mark with the degree approval. Most students seem welcome this reform. They said that it is reasonable to separate the CET test with their degrees. So they could pay more attention to other courses other than English. But some other students and professors are criticizing the reform of CET. They argued that this will lower the level of the student’s English ability and make them unable to communicate with people from other countries in their future job. However, the reform of CET is going on. Everybody is watching what will happen then. Research Papers on Learning English Questions and Answers - Number 2Standardized TestingResearch Process Part OneNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAWThe Project Managment Office SystemDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductLifes What Ifs

Cut To The Chase

Cut To The Chase Cut To The Chase Cut To The Chase By Sharon Cut to the chase is a common expression, meaning get to the point. Its an exhortation to omit flowery phrases and unnecessary preamble and focus on the core issue. This expression first appeared in newspapers in the 1940s, though it has an older origin in the American film industry. In the era of silent film, a romantic love story often ended in a thrilling chase sequence, which was the most exciting part of the film. At that time cut to chase was a script direction indicating that the chase was next in the sequence of events. One example cited is in the novel Hollywood Girl by Joseph McEvoy, where a character gives the script direction: Jannings escapes; cut to chase. Here are some quotations from newspapers: People could fight about the merits of the Duke’s films for years, but let’s cut to the chase. Here are five favorites, all perfect ways to celebrate his endearing talent. And, surprise, theyre not all Westerns. USA Today But, Peters thought, if you can tell in half a minute of meeting someone whether theres chemistry, then why not cut to the chase and just meet up? She crafted a new approach: an app where users can meet people without hassling with features on traditional online dating apps. LA Times Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly WordsTime Words: Era, Epoch, and EonSupervise vs. Monitor

Postpartum Depression Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Postpartum Depression - Coursework Example Women are likely to get affected by the disorder during their prime age of reproduction, ranging between 25 to 40 years of age. The case of Mandeep Singh is a classic case of Postpartum Depression, identifiable by the feelings that she has, of harming her newly born child and the observable characteristics of being agitated and withdrawn, as well as the consideration, that she is within the prime age of productivity, being 28 years old (Arentsen, 1968). Several factors can contribute to Postpartum Depression to Mandeep. Hormonal changes are among the factors that contribute to this disorder (Duffy, 1983). There occurs a great hormonal change in the body of a woman immediately after giving birth. The hormonal changes are characterized mostly by a greater reduction of serotonin levels in their bodies after they give birth (Harris, 1986). Consequently, the woman may be engulfed by the feelings of agitation, restlessness and hatred for her newly born baby. Status transition is another ca use of this disorder. Since the birth of a child is a transition of a woman, from a girl to a mother, then it is associated with stress, on how the woman is going to fit in the new status and roles. If by any chance any other circumstances that can cause stress occurs at the time as this transition, then the woman develops overwhelming stress which ends up as depression, as was the case of Mandeep due to a low economic status (Kumar, 1994). Another factor that contributed to the disorder is the ongoing life stress. Whenever a woman is faced by a long time of stress in her life, then, it accelerates when she gives birth, subscribing to Postpartum Depression. Dysfunctional love relationship is yet another factor that could have contributed to Postpartum Depression for Mandeep, as the long duration she would spend without her husband contributed to stress (Boyce, 2003). 2. The three nursing priority assessments in the case of Mandeep, which would help to devise the actual disorder from which she was suffering, include age. Since this disorder is mostly common for women who are in their prime age of productivity, then assessing the age of Mandeep would serve to indicate if she falls within that age bracket (Mauthner, 1999). Another assessment would be the socio-economic status of Mandeep. This assessment is necessary since the lower economic status of many women is contributory to stress, as they ponder the challenges of bringing up the newly born child, with such economic hurdles. Through the assessment of the economic status of the woman, then, the nurses can trace the actual causative factors to the disorder from which Mandeep is suffering. A significant assessment undertaken by the nurses is the nature of the relationship between Mandeep and her husband. The relationship between a woman who has recently given birth and her partner significantly affects the state of mind of a woman who has recently given birth (Sluckin, 1990). If there is tension and bad blood between the woman and her partner, then, there are greater chances that such a woman will suffer from the disorder. Thus, carrying out the assessment of such factors underlying the life of Mandeep would help the nurses determine the causative factors of the behavior she is exhibiting. 3. Whenever it is evident that the woman having recently given birth harbors the feelings of harming herself or the newly born baby, then treatment interventions becomes necessary. Some nursing interventions are necessary for the treatment of the disorder that Mandeep is suffering. The priority intervention will be given to the administration of

Wireless Network Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Wireless Network Security - Research Paper Example These days wireless networking has become an attractive trend and the professionals in all over the world are adopting wireless network security with advance trends and new features in order to protect their networks from various security threats. In other words, it can be said that these  networks  have the capability to launch interconnection among various devices. In this scenario, the main advantage that we gain from wireless networks as compared to other networks is that this technology releases us from the use of wires. In view of the fact that the communication among several nodes is established through radio waves thus there is no need of wires for establishing a network. Additionally, the wireless adapter which is located inside the machine transforms data into the radio frequency transmission and later on broadcasts it. In addition, wireless  technology is normally acknowledged as Wi-Fi technology or simply WLAN technology. In this scenario, the wireless security is t he main feature that we discuss throughout wireless networks   (Makker; Moran; Turban, Leidner and McLean). Another  advantage  of these  networks  is that users of this network are not bound to limited location despite of its usage where they have facility of signals. Hence it decreases the  expenditure required for cabling or wires that is required in wired  networks. In addition, wireless technology helps us to release from the copper wires. Here one important thing to remember is the wireless security for Wi-Fi applications.... Hence it decreases the  expenditure required for cabling or wires that is required in wired  networks. In addition, wireless technology helps us to release from the copper wires. Here one important thing to remember is the wireless security for Wi-Fi applications. In this growing era where technological aspects are growing with users of economy related needs, we have to fulfill all the essential requirements for establishing an effective wireless network. Thus, the wireless network security is a major issue that is to be considered while establishing wireless networks (Weber and Bahadur; Makker). Why wireless security is Important? †¢ It is important due to the fact it is now accessible everywhere, and hardware required for it has a low cost that will facilitate a common user to purchase it from market (Asadoorian). †¢ The aspect of Wi-Fi is used in almost every advanced application round the globe. Hence flexibility increases. We can observe that this innovative techno logy is now available easily in everything. We have example of those things that we use in our daily life like mobile phones to our daily life usage appliances (Asadoorian). †¢ Although it is a true fact that the fame of Wi-Fi technological hotspots are enhancing. In most of applications wireless security is not implemented properly (Asadoorian). †¢ As we know that Wi-Fi technology could pass through long distances thus security needs are essential for making our communication secure (Asadoorian). †¢ An important perspective of Bluetooth is that this technology is spreading and almost used in every spot round the world but this one is vulnerable to attack (Asadoorian). Additionally

The Main Types Of Social Enquiry Psychology Essay

The Main Types Of Social Enquiry Psychology Essay Research is the systematic investigation and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.Main types of social enquiry. Social Inquiry provides students with a broad overview of modern social theory and approaches, addressing themes common across disciplines in the social sciences-especially sociology, politics, economics, and anthropology. Case study A careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure, report, written report, study or a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; this accords with the recent study. Cross sectional Cross-sectional research is a research method often used in developmental psychology, but also utilized in many other areas including social science and education. This type of study utilizes different groups of people who differ in the variable of interest, but share other characteristics such as socioeconomic status, educational background, and ethnicity. For example, researchers studying developmental psychology might select groups of people who are remarkably similar in most areas, but differ only in age. By doing this, any differences between groups can presumably be attributed to age differences rather than to other variables. Longitudinal Longitudinal research is a type of research method used to discover relationships between variables that are not related to various background variables. This observational research technique involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period of time. Data is first collected at the outset of the study, and may then be gathered repeatedly throughout the length of the study. In some cases, longitudinal studies can last several decades. 1.2 Investigate research objectives in order to contribute to, modify and improve upon theory and practice Research objectives Research objectives set the purpose and focus of your research with the fundamental questions that will be addressed. Defining your research objectives means defining what do I need to investigate and how am I going to do it? Objectives are the single most important aspect of research design and implementation. They include individual, tangible steps that will be taken in your research. Your individual steps will revolve around a wider question or problem that youve defined. Often, objectives will be based on the findings of other research taking something someone else has investigated or theorised and focusing on a specific aspect of their findings to either strengthen or challenge them. Such follow-up research involves more than repeating research thats already been done. It aims to improve the understanding of a specific topic through asking what else needs to be evidenced before the research is meaningful, or what knowledge could be garnered from a more focused investigation, or scrutiny of the existing findings Dimensions to be measured Productivity Efficiency Effectiveness Objectives are converted into hypotheses and tested. If data analysis is positive the hypothesis is accepted and the theory hold good, conversely if the data analysis is opposite to the hypothesis it is rejected and the theory is not valid. The objectives would contribute to improve our understanding of the problem investigated Since objectives are identified through academic literature review the measurement of research objectives would lead to either consolidate existing theories or would lead to modification or improvement of existing theories and therefore current practice. 1.3 systematically analyse the main research philosophies of positivism and phenomenology. Research philosophies There are two kinds of research philosophies Positivism Positivism was a result of rejection of concepts that belonged to metaphysics, for example god. As sociologists found it different to explain things as also to test and prove, they looked for other ideas. They felt a strong need for social sciences to be more objective and verifiable as science subjects. Positivism arose as an alternative to metaphysics in an attempt to describe social phenomenon leaving aside what cannot be known or is beyond the scope of social sciences. Positivists are of the view that we can analyze and draw conclusions only what we observe. What we see and can measure forms the subject matter of positivism. Two of the most influential positivists are Durkheim and Comte. Interpretivism Interpretivism arose as scientists felt that human beings were not puppets to react to stimuli in a prescribed manner. They were active and purposeful and can respond to stimuli in different ways depending upon their interpretation. Interpretivists describe human beings as having intent and the power to interpret, they say that human beings have the capability to construct their surroundings rather than being a mere spectators to what is happening around them. These scientists stressed the thinking, intentions and behaviours of human beings more than positivists thereby drawing conclusions that were more realistic and perhaps more valid also. Interpretivists talk about shared consciousness as the brain behind many of the concepts in a society. Task: 2 2.1 Examine qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. When conducting a research, it is very important to decide on the methodology depending upon focus of study. There are basically two ways to go about an analysis, qualitative analysis  and quantitative analysis. There are many who cannot differentiate between the two concepts and think of them as same which is incorrect. If analysis can be thought of as a continuum, quantitative analysis lies at one extreme and qualitative would obviously lie at the other extreme. Research is the most important tool to increase our knowledge base about things and people. There are two important methods of doing research namely quantitative and qualitative research methods. Despite some overlapping, there is a clear cut difference between quantitative and qualitative research. Quantitative research As the name implies, this type of research pertains to studying social behaviour through techniques that have computational basis. The tools in a quantitative research are mathematical in nature, and measurements form the backbone of any quantitative research. These measurements provide the basis for observation and recording of data that can be later analyzed quantitatively. Rather than being subjective, quantitative research yields data that is more or less unbiased and can be expressed in numerical terms such as percentages or statistics that is easily understandable for a layman. Researcher utilizes the results to make generalizations about a larger set of population. Qualitative research This is a kind of research that employs different ways of gathering information without making use of any scientific measurement tools. For example, the sources of information could be varied like diary accounts, surveys, and questionnaires containing open ended questions, interviews that are not structured and also such observations that are not structured. The data collected through qualitative research is not expressed in mathematical terms. It is descriptive in nature and its analysis is also harder than finding ones way through a maze of statistical tools. Case studies and ethnography seem to be perfect for utilizing qualitative research tools. Qualitative vs Quantitative Research The design of study is not ready beforehand and develops and unfolds gradually in a qualitative research while the design and structure are already present in quantitative research Data generated in quantitative research is numerically expressed in percentages and numbers while data obtained through qualitative research is in the form of text or picture Data in quantitative research is efficient but may not be able to capture the true essence of human nature and behaviour while qualitative data in words can capture the human nature in totality Results of quantitative research are quantifiable while the results of a qualitative research are subjective in nature 2.2 critically evaluate the role of the researcher. Typically the researcher is expected to: take responsibility for finding out what is expected take the initiative in raising problems or difficulties help the supervisory team to ensure consistency discuss with the supervisory team how to make guidance more effective, including disability related concerns agree, organise and attend mutually convenient meetings, contribute to their agenda and circulate work in advance undertake research training as agreed and where need is identified undertake recommended reading produce written work as agreed comply with reporting procedures and inform supervisors of the progress of your research tell supervisors about difficulties you encounter in your work arrange for informal sharing of information and practice generate your own ideas set realistic deadlines ask if he dont understand decide when to submit the thesis and ensure that it is submitted on time Ensure that the findings complies with regulations. 2.3 systematically analyse qualitative approaches covering the following terms: Descriptive, Interpretive, Ethnographic and Naturalistic studies. Description According to Emerson, Fretz, and Shaw, 1995, Giorgi, 1992, Wolcott, 1994, There is no pure looking with a naked eye, and there is no immaculate. Researchers seeking to describe an experience or event select what they will describe and, in the process of featuring certain aspects of it, begin to transform that experience or event. Although no description is free of interpretation, basic or fundamental qualitative description, as opposed to, for example, phenomenological or grounded theory description, entails a kind of interpretation that is low-inference, or likely to result in easier consensus among researchers. Even though one researcher may feature the feelings and a second researcher the events a woman reported in an interview, both researchers will likely agree that. In the case of two researchers describing ostensibly the same scene, one researcher might feature the spatial arrangement in a room, while the second researcher will feature the social interactions. But both researchers ought to agree with each others descriptions as accurate renderings of the scene. That is, with low-inference descriptions, researchers will agree more readily on the facts of the case, even if they may not feature the same facts in their descriptions. Interpretive According to the Wolcott 1994, interpretive, is the human perceptions, basic qualitative description is not highly interpretive in the sense that a researcher deliberately chooses to describe an event in terms of a conceptual, philosophical, or other highly abstract framework or system. The description in qualitative descriptive studies entails the presentation of the facts of the case in everyday language. In contrast, phenomenological, theoretical, ethnographic, or narrative descriptions re-present events in other terms. Researchers are obliged to put much more of their own interpretive spin on what they see and hear. There are certain types of phenomenological studies incline the researcher to look for, and interpret data in terms of, life world existential, such as Van Manen, 1990, claims that corporeality and temporality Such descriptions require researchers to move farther into or beyond their data as they demand not just reading words and scenes, but rather reading into, between, and over them McMahon 1996, Poirier and Ayres 1997 and Wertz 1983 analyse phenomenological study which is an excellent demonstration of the successive transformations from a participants description of an event to a researchers phenomenological description of that event. Although less interpretive than phenomenological or grounded theory description, fundamental qualitative description is more interpretive than quantitative description, which typically entails surveys or other pre-structured means to obtain a common dataset on pre-selected variables, and descriptive statistics to summarize them. Naturalistic observation Naturalistic observation is a research method commonly used by psychologists and other social scientists. This technique involves observing subjects in their natural environment. This type of research is often utilized in situations where conducting lab research is unrealistic, cost prohibitive or would unduly affect the subjects behaviour. Naturalistic observation differs from structured observation in that it involves looking at behaviour as it occurs in its natural setting with no attempts at intervention on the part of the researcher. 2.4 systematically analyse qualitative approaches including Independent observation, large samples, Development of hypotheses, Statistical analyses. Observation Qualitative observational research describes and classifies various cultural, racial and sociological groups by employing interpretive and naturalistic approaches. It is both observational and narrative in nature and relies less on the experimental elements normally associated with scientific research of reliability, validity and generalizability. Connelly and Clendenin (1990) suggest that qualitative inquiry relies more on appetency, verisimilitude and transferability. On the other hand, Lincoln and Guba (1985) emphasize the importance of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability in qualitative studies. Large samples Any of the purposeful sampling techniques can be used in qualitative descriptive studies. Especially useful, though, is maximum variation sampling, which allows researchers to explore the common and QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION unique manifestations of a target phenomenon across a broad range of phenomenally and demographically varied cases (Sandelowski,1995). Researchers like Trost, 1986 also choose to sample cases to represent a combination of pre-selected variables , or typical or unusual cases of a phenomenon, in order to describe it as it tends to appear or uncommonly appears. As in any qualitative study, the ultimate goal of purposeful sampling is to obtain cases deemed information-rich for the purposes of study. The obligation of researchers is to defend their sampling strategies as reasonable for their purposes. Task:3 3.1 examine the basic principle of research design with respect to objectives, plan, action, review, report. All research is different but the following factors are common to all good pieces of research. If the research aims to identify the scale of a problem or need, a more quantitative, randomised, statistical sample survey may be more appropriate. Good research can often use a combination of methodologies, which complement one another. The research should be carried out in an unbiased fashion. As far as possible the researcher should not influence the results of the research in any way. If this is likely, it needs to be addressed explicitly and systematically. From the beginning, the research should have appropriate and sufficient resources in terms of people, time, transport, money etc. allocated to it. The people conducting the research should be trained in research and research methods and this training should provide: Knowledge around appropriate information gathering techniques, An understanding of research issues, An understanding of the research area, An understanding of the issues around dealing with vulnerable social care clients and housing clients, especially regarding risk, privacy and sensitivity and the possible need for support. Those involved in designing, conducting, analysing and supervising the research should have a full understanding of the subject area. In some instances, it helps if the researcher has experience of working in the area. However, this can also be a negative factor, as sometimes research benefits from the fresh eyes and ears of an outsider, which may lead to less bias. If applicable, the information generated from the research will inform the policy-making process. All research should be ethical and not harmful in any way to the participants. Background Why is this research important? What other studies have there been in this area? How will this research add to knowledge in this area? Objectives What do you want to find out? What is the main question you wish to answer? What are the specific questions you will ask to address the main question? Are you going to do this research on your own or with others? Plan Who are you targeting in this research? How many people or case files do you intend to interview or read through? Where will the research take place? Will participants be clearly and fully informed of the purpose of the research study? How will you do this? How will participants be clear about the expectations of the researcher? Do you have an information sheet and a consent form for participants? Action It enables you to examine your own situation. It is a participatory process and allows for input from all those involved. It is collaborative. You work with colleagues and other participants to answer your research question. It allows for an ongoing process of selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ evaluation where you appraise yourself and your own performance. It assumes that you already have a great deal of professional knowledge and can continue to develop this knowledge and improve your practice. Review A review of the literature is an essential part of your academic research. The review is a careful examination of a body of literature pointing toward the answer to your research question. Literature reviewed typically includes scholarly journals, scholarly books, authoritative databases and primary sources. Sometimes it includes newspapers and magazines. Primary sources are the origin of information under study, fundamental documents relating to a particular subject or idea. Often they are firsthand accounts written by a witness or researcher at the time of an event or discovery. Secondary sources are documents or recordings that relate to or discuss information originally presented elsewhere. These, too, may be accessible as physical objects or electronically in databases or on the Internet. Report Draft the report from your detailed plan. Do not worry too much about the final form and language, but rather on presenting the ideas Coherently and logically. Redraft and edit. Check that sections contain the required information and use suitable headings, Check ideas flow in a logical order and remove any unnecessary information. Write in an academic style and tone. Use a formal objective style. Generally avoid personal pronouns; however, some reports based on your own field 3.2 critically evaluate the success of both qualitative and quantitative research projects using relative literature. Quantitative Research Quantitative Research options have been predetermined and a large number of respondents are involved. By definition, measurement must be objective, quantitative and statistically valid. Simply put, its about numbers, objective hard data. The sample size for a survey is calculated by statisticians using formulas to determine how large a sample size will be needed from a given population in order to achieve findings with an acceptable degree of accuracy. Generally, researchers seek sample sizes which yield findings with at least a 95% confidence interval (which means that if you repeat the survey 100 times, 95 times out of a hundred, you would get the same response), plus/minus a margin error of 5 percentage points. Many surveys are designed to produce a smaller margin of error. Qualitative Research Qualitative Research is collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data by observing what people do and say. Whereas, quantitative research refers to counts and measures of things, qualitative research refers to the meanings, concepts, definitions, characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and descriptions of things. Qualitative research is much more subjective than quantitative research and uses very different methods of collecting information, mainly individual, in-depth interviews and focus groups. The nature of this type of research is exploratory and open-ended. Small numbers of people are interviewed in-depth and/or a relatively small number of focus groups are conducted. Participants are asked to respond to general questions and the interviewer or group moderator probes and explores their responses to identify and define peoples perceptions, opinions and feelings about the topic or idea being discussed and to determine the degree of agreement that exists in the group. The quality of the finding from qualitative research is directly dependent upon the skills, experience and sensitive of the interviewer or group moderator. This type of research is often less costly than surveys and is extremely effective in acquiring information about peoples communications needs and their responses to and views about specific communications. Basically, quantitative research is objective; qualitative is subjective. Quantitative research seeks explanatory laws; qualitative research aims at in-depth description. Qualitative research measures what it assumes to be a static reality in hopes of developing universal laws. Qualitative research is an exploration of what is assumed to be a dynamic reality. It does not claim that what is discovered in the process is universal, and thus, replicable. Common differences usually cited between these types of research include. Task:4 4.1 define a research problem or issue by analysing current literature and management practice. Research problem It is one of the first statements made in any research paper and, as well as defining the research area, should include a quick synopsis of how the hypothesis was arrived at. This will lead to the proposal of a viable hypothesis. As an aside, when scientists are putting forward proposals for research funds, the quality of their research problem often makes the difference between success and failure. Defining a Research Problem Lack of force that drives the people to behave the way they do and they behave even in hardship. Qualitative research designs use inductive reasoning to propose a research problem.Reasoning Cycle Scientific Research This is called the conceptual definition, and is an overall view of the problem. Lack of motivation is like measuring abstract concepts, such as intelligence, emotions, and subjective responses, and then a system of measuring numerically needs to be established, allowing statistical analysis and replication. For example, motivation may be measured with a questionnaire from strongly disagree disagree dont know agree strongly agree 4.2 Examine the background and content of the research Early explanations of motivation focused on instincts. Psychologists writing in the late 19th and early twentieth century suggested that human beings were basically programmed to behave in certain ways, depending upon the behavioural cues to which they were exposed. Sigmund Freud, for example, argued that the most powerful determinants of individual behaviour were those of which the individual was not consciously aware. According to Motivation and Leadership at Work (Steers, Porter, and Bigley, 1996), in the early twentieth century researchers began to examine other possible explanations for differences in individual motivation. Some researchers focused on internal drives as an explanation for motivated behaviour. Others studied the effect of learning and how individuals base current behaviour on the consequences of past behaviour. Still others examined the influence of individuals cognitive processes, such as the beliefs they have about future events. Over time, these major theoretical streams of research in motivation were classified into two major schools: the content theories of motivation and the process theories of motivation. 4.3 Develop research questions to elicit facts, information, gaps in knowledge, and dichotomies in management processes and practices. Research questions and hypotheses narrow the purpose statement and become major signposts for readers. Qualitative researchers ask at least one central question and several sub questions. They begin the questions with words such as how or what and use exploratory verbs, such as explore or describe. They pose broad, general questions to allow the participants to explain their ideas. They also focus initially on one central phenomenon of interest. The questions may also mention the participants and the site for the research. 1. Determine if a mixed methods study is needed to study the problem 2. Consider whether a mixed methods study is feasible 3. Write both qualitative and quantitative research questions 4. Review and decide on the types of data collection 5. Assess the relative weight and implementation strategy for each method 6. Present a visual model 7. Determine how the data will be analyzed 8. Assess the criteria for evaluating the study 9. Develop a plan for the study I encourage mixed methods researchers to construct separate mixed methods questions in their studies. This question might be written to emphasize the procedures or the content of the study, and it might be placed at different points. By writing this question, the researcher conveys the importance of integrating or combining the quantitative and qualitative elements. Several models exist for writing mixed methods questions into studies: writing only quantitative questions or hypotheses and qualitative questions, or writing both quantitative questions or hypotheses and qualitative questions followed by a mixed methods question, or writing only a mixed methods question. 4.4 critically evaluate the project plan from the following perspectives: ethical, social, legal, stakeholders. Ethical and Legal When most people think of ethics (or morals), they think of rules for distinguishing between right and wrong, such as the Golden Rule (Do unto others as you would have them do unto you). This is the most common way of defining ethics for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. Even conducting our research we have to look into following ethical aspects: Honesty Objectivity Integrity Carefulness Openness Respect for Intellectual Property Confidentiality Responsible Publication Responsible Mentoring Respect for colleagues Social Responsibility Non-Discrimination Competence Legality Animal Care Human Subjects Protection Task: 5 Critically evaluate what implications previous research into the topic chosen have for the research proposal. Implications in research of motivation at work Following can be expected as implications in research of motivation at work. Lack of secondary data Some secondary data is limited and insufficient. Sometimes, external parties dont like to give their real idea about regarding their motivation. Draw backs in primary data collection It is very difficult. Because, all data not already available. Some data related people feels, attitudes or opinion. And next important fact is both of primary data have qualitative and quantitative behaviour. Both of data is dependents on peoples opinion. Time constraints Students have very limited time in their academic career and this research should conduct simultaneously with other learning activities. Therefore, It is difficult to handle all learning and research activities under limited time management. Financial constraints Due to cost involved mainly with the process of data collection, limited number of sources and the small size of sample area can cause biased findings which may mislead the results. 5.2 systematically analyse literature relevant to the content of the proposal. Great scholars Gardner Lambert, 1972 proposed that motivation is influenced by two orientations to language learning. An integrative orientation is typical of someone who identifies with and values the target language and community, and who approaches language study with the intention of entering that community. Such an individual is thought to have an internal, more enduring motivation for language study. Instrumentally motivated learners, on the other hand, are more likely to see language learning as enabling them to do other useful things, but as having no special significance in itself. Such learners will be motivated if they see language learning as having beneficial career prospects or something that will enable them to use transactional language with speakers of the foreign language. A second problem he argues is whether the integrative/instrumental conceptualization captures the full spectrum of student motivation. It may be that, for a given population of second language students, there are reasons for language learning that are unrelated to either of the two motivational orientations. I agree with Ely that it is not always easy to tell one from the other. For example, there are students who dont like to study, but they have to, because they have pressure from their parents, peers, teachers, and so forth. This is also a type of motivation which cant belong to either of the two motivational orientations. 5.3 Make conclusions regarding different approaches to and outcomes of research. Lack of motivation to learn is very striking thing in almost all of the schools in Japan. I believe some of the schools in other countries also face the same problem. One of the things I found through this literature review is that if we, as teachers, cant motivate students to learn directly, we should look at different ways to try to motivate them indirectly. For example, we should encourage them to be autonomous learner, increase their confidence, and try to get rid of anxiety they have in learning. That will lead to great motivation eventually, and thus lead to success in learning. One of the strategies we can use is need analysis. We must find out which aspects of L2 learning are personally valuable to students and must design tasks that support those aspects. For example, if students will go abroad, they will need to communicate with people in English, s